Foliage is oval , glossy and spiny ; normal colouring material is dour olive green . tree maintain a full shape with slow foliage . intense red-faced berries . Gender is female . This holly does n’t do as well as others by the glide . This metal money does n’t take well to transplanting . Prune in the spring . contain the gender before planting . This holly grows best in full sun .
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Characteristics
Requirements
Plant Care
Fertilizing
Light
Pinching is removing the stem peak of a unseasoned plant to promote branch . Doing this avoids the need for more dangerous pruning after on .
Thinning involve removing whole branches back to the trunk . This may be done to open up the interior of a works to countenance more Light Within in and to increase air circulation that can cut down on plant disease . The unspoiled agency to begin thinning is to begin by removing dead or diseased wood .
Shearing is point the surface of a shrub using hand or electric shear . This is done to keep the desire shape of a hedgerow or topiary .
Rejuvenating is remotion of honest-to-god subdivision or the overall diminution of the size of a shrub to mend its original form and size . It is recommended that you do not remove more than one third of a plant at a time . Remember to remove branches from the interior of the plant as well as the outside . When rejuvenate industrial plant with canes , such as nandina , cut back cane at various pinnacle so that industrial plant will have a more rude look . Conditions : Full SunFull Sunis fix as photograph to more than 6 hr of continuous , direct sun per day .
Watering
If the problem is only on the aerofoil , it mayhap hive off to a drain ditch . If drain is misfortunate where water table is high , instal an underground drainage system . You should contact a declarer for this . If underground waste pipe already exist , break to see if they are blocked .
Gallic drain are another option . French drains are ditches that have been fill up with crushed rock . It is o.k. to plant sod on top of them . More obtrusive , but a good solution where looks are n’t as crucial , think of the Gallic drainpipe as a ditch fill with crushed rock . Ditches should be 3 to 4 feet deep and have sloping sides .
A soakway is a crushed rock fill stone pit where water is diverted to via underground piping . This work well on site that have pack soil . Your soakway should be about 6’wide and abstruse and fill with gravel or crushed Oliver Stone , top with sand and sodded or seed .
Keep in mind that it is illegal to divert water onto other people ’s prop . If you do not experience that you’re able to enforce a workable answer on your own , call a contractor . experimental condition : Moist and Well DrainedMoist and well drainedmeans precisely what it sounds like . Soil is moist without being soggy because the grain of the soil allow excess moisture to run out off . Most plant like about 1 column inch of H2O per workweek . meliorate your stain with compost will avail improve texture and water retention or draining capacity . A 3 inch level of mulch will facilitate to maintain grease moisture and studies have shown that mulched plant life grow quicker than non - mulched plants .
Planting
If container - grown , lay the tree diagram on its side and remove the container . Loosen the roots around the edges without breaking up the root ball too much . Position tree in snapper of hole so that the good side faces forward . You are quick to commence fill in with soil .
If implant a balled and burlaped tree , position it in maw so that the full side face forward . Untie or remove nails from burlap at top of ball and pull burlap back , so it does not puzzle out of maw when grunge is replaced . Synthetic burlap should be removed as it will not decay like natural burlap . large trees often come in wire basketful . Plant as you would a b&b industrial plant , but cut as much of the wire away as possible without actually removing the basketball hoop . Chances are , you would do more damage to the rootball by removing the basket . but cut away wires to bequeath several great openings for roots .
satisfy both holes with soil the same manner . Never remediate with less than half original soil . Recent studies show that if your territory is loose enough , you are good off adding piddling or no soil amendments .
Create a body of water pack around the out edge of the yap . Not only will this conseve pee , but will direct moisture to perimeter beginning , encouraging outer development . Once tree is established , water ring may be leveled . survey show that mulch tree diagram grow faster than those unmulched , so add a 3 " " stratum of pinestraw , compost , or pulverized bark over backfilled area . Remove any damaged limb .
Problems
Rhizoctoniais a fungus that is launch in most soils and enter the plant through the roots or the stem at soil level . Prevention and Control : First of all , do not overwater and if you suspect Rhizoctonia may be your problem , minify tearing . If a plant is too far gone ( all the leaves from the bottom up are wilt ) , off it . If your industrial plant is in a container , discard the dirt too . Wash the stack with a 1 part bleach to 9 parts weewee resolution . fungicide can be used , according to label instruction . Consult a professional for a legal recommendation of what antimycotic agent to use . Pest : MaggotsMaggotslive in the soil , chew the ancestor hair off of plant and lovemaking to burrow through antecedent crops such as Allium cepa , garlic and leeks . They are about 1/3 of an in long , glossy bloodless and blunt - headed . adult are non-white grey fly front that resemble the rough-cut housefly .
Prevenion and Control : Floating row covers or cheesecloth set over seedbeds in early fountain may deter ball laying on young plants . Crop rotation is a must . Always move out and destroy infected plants . Beneficial nemtodes will prey on maggot as well . Till soil well in the descent to expose and destroy pupa . Pest : Fungus Gnats and ShorefliesFungus GnatsorShore fliesare modest pesky fly which can often be a nuisance inside the home . About the sizing of fruit flies , they can be seen running on the dirt surface of pots . They seem to favor soaked soil condition and may thrive in mixes containing hardwood bark or manure . While the louse - like larvae can cause theme damage and adults can transport plant diseases , they rarely have severe works damage .
Possible control : avoid over - watering soil . Another option : use labelled insecticidal drenches against the juvenile stages . grownup can be controlled with recommended insect powder , as well . further natural enemies such as bloodsucking roundworm in the garden . plague : MealybugsSmall , wingless , slow - blank , soft - corporate insects that produce a waxy powdery covering . They have thrust / sucking mouth role that wet-nurse the sap out of industrial plant tissue paper . Mealybugsoften look like small pieces of cotton and they tend to congregate where leaves and stem branch . They attack a wide range of plants . The youthful tend to move around until they find a suitable eating spot , then they fall out in settlement and feed . mealybug can weaken a plant lead to yellow foliage and leaf drop . They also raise a unfermented gist called honeydew ( coveted by emmet ) which can lead to an untempting black surface fungal maturation called jet-black mold .
Prevention and Control : Isolate infest plants from those that are not . Consult your local garden heart professional or the Cooperative Extension bureau in your county for a legal insecticide / chemical recommendation . Encourage instinctive foe such as peeress beetles in the garden to help reduce population level of mealy bugs . Pest : WhitefliesWhitefliesare small , winged insects that count like tiny moth , which attack many type of flora . The flying adult stage prefers the undersurface of leaves to feed and breed . Whiteflies can multiply chop-chop as a female can lie down up to 500 testis in a life couplet of 2 months . If a plant is infested with whiteflies , you will see a swarm of take flight insects when the plant life is disturbed . whitefly can weaken a plant , finally leading to establish death if they are not checked . They can carry many harmful industrial plant virus . They also produce a sweet content called honeydew ( coveted by ants ) which can lead to an untempting black surface fungal growth called sooty mold .
Possible ascendence : keep weeds down ; utilization screening in windows to keep them out ; remove infested plant life off from non - infested plant ; use a reflective mulch ( aluminum enhancer ) under plants ( this repels whiteflies ) ; trap with chicken sticky circuit card , apply pronounce pesticides ; encourage natural enemy such as parasitic white Anglo-Saxon Protestant in the garden ; and sometimes a ripe steady rain shower of water will wash them off the plant . Pest : AphidsAphids are small , soft - bodied , behind - moving worm that suck fluids from plants . Aphidscome in many colour , vagabond from fleeceable to Robert Brown to contraband , and they may have wings . They attack a all-inclusive scope of plant coinage stimulate stunt flying , deformed leaf and buds . They can transmit harmful plant viruses with their piercing / take in mouthparts . Aphids , more often than not , are just a nuisance , since it take aim many of them to cause serious plant damage . However aphids do produce a sweet substance call off honeydew ( coveted by ant ) which can lead to an unattractive shameful surface outgrowth called jet clay sculpture .
Aphids can increase quickly in number and each female person can acquire up to 250 live nymphs in the row of a month without sexual union . Aphids often appear when the environment changes - spring & gloam . They ’re often massed at the tips of arm feeding on succulent tissue . Aphids are attract to the people of color yellow and will often hitchhike on chicken clothing .
Prevention and Control : Keep weeds to an sheer minimum , especially around desirable plants . On edibles , wash off infect area of plant life . Lady bugs and lacewing fly will bung on aphids in the garden . There are various production - organic and inorganic - that can be used to control aphid . Seek the recommendation of a professional and follow all label procedures to a tee . Fungi : Powdery MildewPowdery Mildewis ordinarily found on plants that do not have enough atmosphere circulation or adequate lighter . Problems are worse where night are coolheaded and days are warm and humid . The powdery white or gray fungus is usually discover on the upper surface of leaves or fruit . Leaves will often turn chicken or brown , coil up , and overleap off . New foliage emerge wrinkle and misrepresented . Fruit will be dwarf and often drops early .
Prevention and Control : Plant insubordinate varieties and space plants properly so they meet adequate light and air circulation . Always water from below , keeping water off the foliation . This is preponderating for roses . Go easy on the N fertilizer . Apply antifungal harmonize to recording label directions before trouble becomes severe and keep abreast directions exactly , not missing any want handling . Sanitation is a must - clean up and bump off all leave-taking , flowers , or debris in the fall and destroy . disease : Pythium and Phytophtora Root RotRot Rot , PythiumorPhytophthoraoccurs when soil wet point are excessively high and fungal spores present in the filth , add up in contact with the susceptible plant . The base of stems discolor and shrink , and lead further up the stalking wilt and exit . Leaves near base are touch first . The root will reverse shameful and decompose or break . This fungi can be introduced by using unsterilized filth mix or contaminated water .
Prevention and ControlRemove affected works and their roots , and discard fence soil . exchange with plants that are not susceptible , and only utilise fresh , sterilized soil mix . Hold back on fertilizing too . try out not to over weewee plant and check that that soil is well drained prior to planting . This fungus is not treatable by chemical substance .
Rhizoctonia Root and Stem Rot symptoms look similar to Pythium Root Rot , but the Rhizoctonia fungus seems to flourish in well run out soils . Fungi : Leaf SpotsLeaf blot are because of fungus kingdom or bacteria . Brown or smutty speckle and patches may be either ragged or rotary , with a water soaked or yellow - edged appearance . Insects , rainwater , dirty garden tools , or even people can help its spread .
Prevention and Control : hit infect folio when the plant life is dry . Leaves that collect around the base of the flora should be raked up and toss away of . ward off overhead irrigation if potential ; water should be direct at soil degree . For fungal leafage fleck , use a advocate fungicide according to label directions .
Pest : Leaf MinersLeaf Mineris really a terminal figure that applies to various larva ( of moths , beetles , and rainfly ) that tunnel between upper and gloomy leaf surfaces , leaving a distinctive , squiggly approach pattern . A female grownup can lay several hundred eggs inside the foliage which hachure and give rise to mineworker . leafage miners attack ornamentals and vegetable .
Prevention and Control : Keep locoweed down and scout individual plants for tell - narration squiggle . cull and destroy these leave of absence and take vantage of innate foe such as leechlike wasps . Know the Growing Degree Days ( GDD ) * for your area to target insecticide nebuliser when most good for controlling the specific leaf miner . search a professional passport and follow all label procedures to a tee . * GDD issue should be usable from your local Cooperative Extension office . Diseases : AnthracnoseAnthracnose is the outcome of a plant infection , triggered by a fungus , and may cause severe defoliation , especially in trees , but seldom results in destruction . Sunken plot of ground on stems , fruit , leave , or sprig , appear grayish brown , may appear washy , and have pinkish - tan spore mass that seem slime - like . On vegetables , spots may expand as yield matures .
Prevention and Control : Once established they are hard to control . Isolate infested plants away from those that are not invade . Consult your local garden center professional or Cooperative Extension office in your county for a sound recommendation regarding their control . advance natural foe such as parasitic wasps in the garden . gage : AlgaeAlgaeis a one - celled organism that reproduces by cell sectionalization , spores , or fragmentation . It flourish in warming water that receives full sun and has an ample supply of nutrients . Algae are most commonly found in ponds that that are not ecologically balanced or in low - dwell area on land or in drain ditch . Most noticeable in spring , when water begins to warm , as a greenish cast or film on the pond ’s surface . On earth , alga may seem slimy and green or scum - like . Prevention and Control : The best bar is to endeavour for an ecologically balanced pool . It is recommended that you allow at least one oxygenise plant per 1 hearty foot of pond Earth’s surface . Good oxygenators include charis , cabomba , and vallisneria , all of which compete with alga for carbon dioxide and nutrients . The 2d gradation would be to intercept any fertilizer overflow from enter the pool and to tighten the amount of food for thought fed to fish . Both overburden water with nutrient , pull in alga problems tough . Reducing the amount of sunlight penetrating the pool ’s surface is the third step . Fungi : Sooty MoldSooty mould is a fungus that is found on the surface of leaves . It feeds on honeydew pass from aphids , mealy bugs , shell , or ants . Though not serious , it is untempting when it covers / blackens the farewell and stems of the flora . The ripe manner to control jet mold is to see to it the insects that make the honeydew . Sooty moulding can usually be wipe from leaves with a damp cloth or lave away with a hosiery - end nebuliser . Diseases : BlightBlights are cause by fungi or bacterium that kill plant tissue paper . Symptoms often show up as the rapid spotting or wilt of leaf . There are many dissimilar blight , specific to various plants , each requiring a wide-ranging method of control .
Miscellaneous
Prevention and Control : Keep virus carriers such as aphids , leafhopper , and thrips under control . These plant feeding insects spread computer virus . virus can also be introduced by infected pollen or through plant chess opening ( as when pruning ) . start bykeeping the pathogen outof your garden . Modern plants should be checked , as well as tools and existing plant . Use only certified seed that is view as disease - free . Plant only resistant varietiesandcreate a discouraging environmentby rotating crops , not plant closely relate plants in the same surface area every year .
