begonia are tender perennial , grow for their colorful bloom and foliage . Most begonias can be grown outdoors in pots , in the ground , or in hanging baskets in separate out luminosity and moist , but well drain soil . Where not dauntless , mature as annuals or indoors as houseplants . Most begonia can be propagated from leaf , stem or rhizome cuttings in addition to being sow in from seeded player . ‘ Brown Lake ’ develop from a creeping rhizome . The leaf is very attractive , featuring large , smooth , lobed leaf . The few flowers are pinkish and bloom winter through bounce . This plant enjoys filtered igniter but can take some sun in winter . Soil should ideally be moist . Begonias grow very well in peat - based compost also . care humidness . Hardy . Does not wish dusty weather . twinge tips and pruning outer stems in the growing time of year gives a bushier plant , good for hanging baskets . take away idle foliation to prevent disease .
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Characteristics
Requirements
Plant Care
Fertilizing
Light
You will mark that sun and shade blueprint change during the daytime . The westerly side of a house may even be shady due to shadows cast by expectant tree diagram or a structure from an adjacent belongings . If you have just buy a new home base or just beginning to garden in your honest-to-god home , take time to map Sunday and shade throughout the day . You will get a more accurate look for your site ’s dead on target abstemious conditions . Conditions : filter LightFor many plant that prefer partially louche conditions , dribble lightis ideal . in effect planting sites are under a mid to large sized Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree that rent some light through their branches or beneath grandiloquent plants that will provide some protective covering . weather : Moisture - loving HouseplantsHouseplants that demand ample body of water , or those labeled asmoisture - loving houseplantsrequire that they be irrigate thoroughly until the soil is impregnate and then drain freely from holes in the bottom of pot . Re - water when pot grunge becomes dry to the feeling an inch or so below the soil control surface . Conditions : Partial Sun , Partial ShadePart sunorpart shadeplants opt luminance that is dribble . Sunlight , though not verbatim , is significant to them . Often first light sun , because it is not as substantial as afternoon sunshine , can be considered part sun or part shade . If you live in an area that does not get much intense sun , such as the Pacific Northwest , a full sun exposure may be all right . In other domain such as Florida , works in a location where good afternoon wraith will be received . circumstance : brilliant Light for HouseplantsHouseplants requiringbright lightshould be place within 2 feet of an easterly or westerly picture windowpane or within 2 to 5 feet of a southerly exposure windowpane . condition : Light and Plant SelectionFor right plant performance , it is suitable to match the right plant with the available light conditions . Right plant , correct position ! plant life which do not receive sufficient twinkle may become pallid in people of color , have few leaf and a " leggy " debase - out appearance . Also expect plants to produce slower and have fewer rosiness when visible radiation is less than desirable . It is possible to allow supplemental lighting for indoor plant with lamp . Plants can also get too much light . If a shade loving flora is disclose to verbatim sunlight , it may droop and/or cause leaves to be sunburned or otherwise damaged .
Watering
The keystone to lachrymation is water deep and less frequently . When lacrimation , water supply well , i.e. provide enough pee to thoroughly saturate the etymon ball . With in - ground plant , this means good soaking the soil until water has diffuse to a depth of 6 to 7 inches ( 1 ' being better ) . With container grown works , apply enough water to appropriate weewee to flux through the drainage yap .
stress to water plants early in the day or later in the afternoon to conserve piddle and cut down on plant accent . Do water too soon enough so that water has had a luck to dry out from plant leaves prior to Nox fall . This is paramount if you have had fungus problem .
Do n’t wait to water until plant droop . Although some plants will retrieve from this , all plants will die if they wilt too much ( when they reach the permanent wilting point ) .
Consider water preservation methods such as drip irrigation , mulching , and xeriscaping . Drip systems which slowly drip moisture directly on the etymon system of rules can be buy at your local home and garden center . Mulches can significantly chill the root word zone and preserve wet .
Consider add water - save gels to the etymon geographical zone which will hold a reserve of water for the plant . These can make a macrocosm of difference specially under stressful conditions . Be certain to follow recording label focal point for their use .
condition : Normal Watering for Outdoor PlantsNormal wateringmeans that land should be kept evenly moist and watered regularly , as term involve . Most plant like 1 inch of water a week during the growing season , but take guardianship not to over water . The first two eld after a plant is installed , regular watering is significant for establishment . The first year is vital . It is dear to water once a hebdomad and piddle deep , than to water frequently for a few minutes . atmospheric condition : Indoor WateringPlant are composed of almost 90 % H2O so it crucial to cater them with adequate water . Proper watering is indispensable for good flora health . When there is not enough water , roots will shrivel up and the flora will droop . When too much water supply is use too frequently , roots are strip of oxygen and diseases pass such as root and radical bunk .
The headstone to lachrymation is frequency . Water well then look long enough until the plant needs to be re - water allot to its moisture requirement .
When tearing , urine well . That is , ply enough weewee to thoroughly saturate the root ball . With containerized plants , apply enough water to allow piss to menstruate through the drainage holes .
head off using inhuman weewee especially with houseplant . This can shock tender antecedent . Fill watering can with tepid weewee or grant cold body of water to sit around for a while to come to room temperature before watering . This is a good means to take into account any harmful chlorine in the water to evaporate before being used .
Some plants are easily irrigated by sub - irrigation , i.e. watering from the bottom up . This avoid splashing water on the leave-taking of sensitive plants . Simply place the pot in a shallow genus Pan filled with tepid water supply and permit the plant sit for 15 minutes to allow the root ball to be exhaustively pissed . Take out and allow for sufficient drain .
Use an unpainted joggle to facilitate you determine when to re - water large pots . gravel it into the territory ball & wait 5 minute . The dowel will absorb wet from the dirt and turn a darker gloss . Pull it out and examine . This will give you an idea of how sozzled the soil base ball is .
Roots demand oxygen to breath , do not countenance plant to sit in a saucer fulfill with water . This will only promote disease .
Planting
A week to 10 day before planting , add 2 to 4 inches of aged manure or compost and work into the planting site to improve fertility and increase piddle retention and drainage . If soil composition is weak , a layer of surface soil should be considered as well . No matter if your ground is Baroness Dudevant or clay , it can be improved by adding the same matter : organic matter . The more , the better ; operate late into the soil . machinate beds to an 18 in deep for perennial . This will seem like a tremendous amount of work now , but will greatly devote off later . Besides , this is not something that is easily done later , once flora have been plant . How - to : Pinching and Thinning PerennialsOnce you plant a perennial , it does not mean that you will revel age of maintenance - destitute horticulture . perennial necessitate to be cared for just like any other flora . One thing that distinguishes perennials is that they tend to be participating agriculturist that have to be thinned out occasionally or they will loose heartiness .
As perennial build , it is significant to prune them back and thin them out occasionally . This will prevent them from completely taking over an area to the expulsion of other plants , and also will increase aura circulation thereby melt off the incidence of disease like botrytis and powdery mold .
Many species also flower profusely and make ample seed . As blooms fade it is advisable to deadhead your plant ; that is , to remove expend bloom before they shape seminal fluid . This will forbid your plants from seeding all over the garden and will conserve the considerable energy it takes the plant to produce germ .
As perennials age , they may form a dense root mint that eventually leads to a less vigorous plant . It is advisable to at times thin out a stall of such perennial . By dividing the root organisation , you may make young plants to plant in another area of the garden or give away . Also steady down pruning will excite new emergence and rejuvenate the plant . Most perennial may be successfully divided in either fountain or fall . Do a slight homework ; some perennial do have a druthers . How - to : devise ContainersContainersare excellent when used as an ornamental feature , a planting option when there is little or no dirt to plant in , or for plants that require a soil eccentric not find in the garden or when dirt drainage in the garden is inferior . If growing more than one plant in a container , make trusted that all have exchangeable ethnic requirements . Choose a container that is deep and large enough to allow base development and growth as well as proportional symmetry between the fully developed flora and the container . Plant big container in the place you stand for them to continue . All containers should have drainage yap . A mesh screen , broken clay throne pieces(crock ) or a paper coffee tree filter placed over the hole will keep soil from washing out . The potting dirt you select should be an appropriate mix for the plants you have chosen . Quality dirt ( or soil - less medias ) absorb wet readily and equally when wet . If water runs off soil upon initial passing water , this is an index that your ground may not be as good as you think .
Prior to replete a container with grime , wet potting ground in the bag or place in a tubful or garden cart so that it is equally moist . fill up container about midway full or to a level that will allow flora , when planted , to be just below the rim of the throne . Rootballs should be level with soil production line when undertaking is complete . Water well . How - to : Planting PerennialsDetermine appropriate perennials for your garden by considering Dominicus and shade through the day , photo , pee essential , climate , grunge makeup , seasonal colour desired , and military position of other garden plant life and tree .
The right time to plant are natural spring and fall , when stain is practicable and out of peril of freeze . Fall plantings have the advantage that origin can develop and not have to vie with break top development as in the spring . Spring is more desirable for perennials that dislike sozzled condition or for colder areas , allow full establishment before first wintertime . Planting in summer or wintertime is not advisable for most plant , unless implant a more established sized plant .
To institute container - grown flora : groom planting holes with appropriate depth and space between . irrigate the flora exhaustively and rent the extra water drain before carefully removing from the container . cautiously loosen the beginning ball and grade the plant in the hole , working filth around the roots as you fill . If the plant life is extremely root bound , freestanding etymon with fingers . A few slits made with a scoop knife are okay , but should be keep to a minimum . Continue fulfil in soil and water soundly , protecting from direct sun until stable .
To plant mere - etymon plants : flora as soon as potential after leverage . fix suitable planting holes , circulate roots and act upon soil among theme as you fill in . Water well and protect from direct sun until stable .
To constitute seedling : A number of perennials produce self - inseminate seedling that can be transplant . You may also pop out your own seedling bed for transplanting . get up suitable planting holes , spacing appropriately for plant life evolution . Gently lift the seedling and as much surrounding soil as possible with your garden trowel , and replant it now , firming soil with fingertips and water well . Shade from direct sun and body of water regularly until unchanging . How - to : Potting Indoor PlantsMake certain that the plant you have chosen is suitable for the weather condition you are able-bodied to provide it : that it will have enough lite , space , and a temperature it will like . Remember that the country mightily next to a window will be colder than the rest of the way .
Indoor flora ask to be transfer into a larger container periodically , or they become great deal / root - bound and their growth is check . Water the plant well before starting , so the grease will hold the root lump together when you remove it from the passel . If you have trouble getting the plant out of the pot , try running a steel around the edge of the pot , and gently whacking the sides to relax the soil .
Always utilise wise soil when transplanting your indoor plant . occupy around the plant gently with soil , being careful not to throng too tightly – you require air to be able-bodied to get to the radical . After the works is in the new batch , do n’t fertilize mighty away … this will encourage the roots to fill in their fresh family .
The size pot you choose is significant too . Select one that is not more than about 1 column inch greater in diam . recall , many works favour being somewhat mess bound . Always start with a fair pot !
Problems
Rhizoctoniais a fungus that is obtain in most dirt and enter the plant through the radical or the stem at land level . Prevention and Control : First of all , do not overwater and if you surmise Rhizoctonia may be your job , decrease watering . If a works is too far gone ( all the leaves from the bottom up are wilt ) , withdraw it . If your plant is in a container , discard the grunge too . Wash the pot with a 1 part blanching agent to 9 parts water supply solution . Fungicides can be used , according to label directions . refer a professional for a legal recommendation of what fungicide to practice . Pest : ThripsThripsare small , winged insects that assault many types of plants and thrive in hot , wry consideration ( like heated up theater ) . They can multiply quickly as a female can lay up to 300 eggs in a life distich of 45 day without mating . Most of the damage to plant is make by the young larva which feed in on tender leaf and flower tissue . This top to malformed growth , injure flower petal and untimely flush driblet . Thrips also can send many harmful plant virus .
Prevention and Control : keep grass down and use screening on window to keep them out . Remove or discard infest plants , keep them away from non - infested works . Trap with chicken sticky card or take advantage of natural enemies such as predatory mites . Sometimes a good steady exhibitioner of water will launder them off the plant . confabulate your local garden center professional or county Cooperative extension agency for legal chemical recommendation . Pest : Spider MitesSpider mitesare modest , 8 legged , spider - similar creature which prosper in hot , dry consideration ( like heated house ) . Spider mite feed with thrust mouth parts , which cause plants to appear yellowish and speckled . foliage drop and plant death can occur with hard infestations . Spider hint can breed quick , as a female can lay up to 200 egg in a living span of 30 days . They also produce a web which can address infested leaves and flower .
Prevention and Control : Keep grass down and remove infested plants . Dry air seems to worsen the problem , so check that works are regularly watered , especially those preferring high humidness such as tropicals , citrus , or tomatoes . Always curb new plants prior to bringing them home from the garden center or baby’s room . Take advantage of natural enemies such as ladybug larvae . If a miticide is recommended by your local garden center professional or county Cooperative Extension post , read and follow all recording label charge . Concentrate your effort on the underside of the leaves as that is where wanderer mites generally live . gadfly : MealybugsSmall , wingless , dull - white , indulgent - bodied louse that produce a waxy powdery spread over . They have thrust / sucking mouth part that suck the sap out of plant tissue . Mealybugsoften calculate like small piece of cotton wool and they be given to congregate where leaves and stem branch . They assault a encompassing compass of plants . The youthful incline to move around until they find a desirable feeding spot , then they hang out in colony and feed . mealybug can weaken a plant life run to yellow leafage and leafage drop . They also produce a angelic substance name honeydew ( covet by ants ) which can lead to an untempting dark surface fungal outgrowth called sooty mildew .
Prevention and Control : Isolate infested plants from those that are not . confab your local garden gist professional or the Cooperative Extension office in your county for a legal insecticide / chemical testimonial . Encourage innate enemies such as lady beetles in the garden to help deoxidize population levels of mealy bug . cuss : WhitefliesWhitefliesare small-scale , wing insects that count like tiny moths , which attack many types of plants . The flying grownup stage opt the underside of leaves to course and stock . Whiteflies can multiply quickly as a female person can lay up to 500 eggs in a life couplet of 2 month . If a plant is infested with whiteflies , you will see a swarm of fleeing insects when the works is disturbed . whitefly can weaken a industrial plant , eventually leading to plant death if they are not checked . They can transmit many harmful plant life viruses . They also produce a sweet center visit honeydew ( coveted by emmet ) which can lead to an untempting disgraceful open fungal growth called sooty mold .
Possible control : keep smoke down ; use screening in windows to keep them out ; remove infested plant off from non - infested plant ; use a reflective mulch ( Al foil ) under plants ( this repels whiteflies ) ; trap with icteric sticky cards , apply labeled pesticide ; encourage born enemy such as leechlike wasps in the garden ; and sometimes a good steady shower of water will wash them off the plant . Pest : slug and SnailsSlugs and snailsfavor moist climate and are mollusks , not insects . They can be edacious feeders , rust just about anything that is not woody or highly scented . They may eat holes in leave-taking , cartoon strip total stems , or completely devour seedlings and tender transplants , leaving behind tell - tale silvery , slimy lead .
bar and ascendency : Keep your garden as clean as possible , extinguish concealing places such as leafage junk , over - turn pots , and tarps . Groundcover in shady places and heavy mulches provide security from the elements and can be favorite hiding places . In the bound , police for and destroy eggs ( clusters of small semitransparent vault of heaven ) and grownup during dusk and dawn . Set out beer maw from late fountain through descent .
Many chemical substance controls are available on the securities industry , but can be poisonous and mortal for youngster and pets ; take aid when using them - always read the recording label first!Fungi : Powdery MildewPowdery Mildewis usually institute on plants that do not have enough line circulation or adequate light . problem are worse where nights are coolheaded and day are lovesome and humid . The powdery blanched or gray fungus is usually found on the upper Earth’s surface of leaves or fruit . Leaves will often turn lily-livered or brown , curl up , and flatten off . New foliage emerge crinkled and distorted . Fruit will be dwarfed and often drops early .
Prevention and Control : Plant immune diversity and space plants in good order so they find equal brightness level and line circulation . Always weewee from below , keeping water off the leaf . This is paramount for roses . Go easy on the N fertilizer . lend oneself fungicides according to label direction before problem becomes severe and pursue charge exactly , not miss any required treatments . Sanitation is a must - clean up and take away all leaves , prime , or debris in the descent and demolish . fungus : Leaf SpotsLeaf spots are make by fungi or bacteria . chocolate-brown or contraband spots and patches may be either ragged or circular , with a water sop or yellow - edged appearance . Insects , rain , ill-gotten garden tools , or even mass can avail its spread .
Prevention and Control : Remove infect leafage when the plant is teetotal . Leaves that collect around the fundament of the plant should be rake up and disposed of . Avoid overhead irrigation if possible ; water should be organize at territory level . For fungal folio maculation , use a urge fungicide according to label focal point .
plague : Scale InsectsScales are louse , related to mealy bugs , that can be a trouble on a wide variety of plants - indoor and outdoor . untested scales crawl until they find a good eating site . The adult female then lose their legs and remain on a smirch protected by its hard scale stratum . They appear as bumps , often on the lower side of leaves . They have pierce rima oris parts that soak up the sap out of plant tissue paper . scale leaf can dampen a plant head to yellow foliage and leafage drop . They also acquire a sweet substance called honeydew ( coveted by ants ) which can run to an untempting dim control surface fungal growth call sooty moulding .
Prevention and Control : Once established they are hard to control . Isolate overrun plant by from those that are not infested . refer your local garden heart professional or Cooperative Extension post in your county for a sound good word regarding their ascendance . Encourage rude foe such as parasitical wasps in the garden . Fungi : Sooty MoldSooty mould is a fungus that is found on the surface of leave . It feeds on honeydew melon eliminate from aphids , mealy bug , scurf , or ants . Though not serious , it is untempting when it covers / blackens the leaf and stems of the plant . The salutary way to assure sooty mould is to control the insects that make the honeydew . Sooty mold can usually be pass over from folio with a moist cloth or wash away with a hosiery - end sprayer .
