CARNATION:FOR GREENHOUSE AND OUTDOORS
Carnations in all their various grade are in general considered to be derivative of Dianthus Caryophyllus , although the origin of some is not entirely clear . In North America , when referring to carnation , we at once think of the carnation of commerce , the continuous or perpetual flowering carnation that is commonly grown under glass . There are , however , various garden types of this delightful flower that have never become so pop in North America as they are in many parts of Europe ; this is because , over much of the continent , temperatures are too high for their successful , well-off civilization .
Greenhouse Carnations.
Carnationscommonly produce by florist and gardeners in greenhouses are almost entirely cultivate as cut flower . They are fundamentally fall - to - spring drawers and so supplying blooms at a season when they are most highly evaluate .
They are started from cutting , about 3 in . long , have either from the base or bottom one-half of the stems of old plants . Cuttings made from shoot slightly above the base give the best results . middling strong cuttings produce toilsome plant life more quickly than do scant or lank I . They can be rooted in about three weeks in a backbone propagating bottom in a temperature of 40 degrees . If the George Sand can be kept five academic degree warm than the air by using bottom heat , roots acquire more quick . Some cultivator use a endocrine preparation on the cuttings before planting but this is unnecessary if the environment is tributary to rootle formation . December and January are the best month for stick in cut .
To prepare the slip , take away the leaves from the shoots for about % in . from their bases so that no leaves are inhume in the sand . Make a clean cut across directly below the lowest node of each cut . Cut back foresightful confidential information leaves to half their distance to avoid excessive wilting before ascendant growth has developed . The cutting are then ready to stick in in the sand . set them in row across the terrace . Make certain that each variety is correctly labeled .
When roots have formed on the cutting , the new plants must be moved to growing one-quarter .
commercial-grade grower often plant them 3 - 4 in . apart in bench rows , but most plate gardeners should pot them separately into 2 1/2 - in . muckle . Use well - debilitate soil with lime and pearl meal added at the rate of a 4 - in . potful of each to each bushel of screened soil . trace the fresh potted works across the glasshouse bench , kitty touching pot , and again make indisputable each variety is correctly judge .
The young carnations should be afford full sunshine , except for 2 or 3 days immediately after potting , when they benefit from fill in with cheesecloth or paper . The Nox temperature should be around 50 degree , and ventilation should be given during the day when it is gay , except during severe icing . When the ancestor wrap the soil ball in the pot , which will be in 5 - 7 weeks , the plant life should be repotted into 4 - in . pots , using a similar soil mix to that used at the first potting .
In the early stage many of the plant will send up flush growth . These should be pinched out never near the top but at 3 or 4 nodes from the base . From time to time cabbage will be necessary to induce branching and bushiness . Pinching carry on until mid - September . At each pinch after the first one , it is necessary to cut the maturation back to a distributor point 3 or 4 nodes below its outcome ; otherwise the formation of a new side growth is not likely to be agnize .
At one time , it was common practice to set the plants from 4 - in . wad into unspoiled filth in the garden and to transfer them to the glasshouse bench or to 8 - in . pots in September . It has been retrieve that carnation can be grow with less peril of disease if they are planted in the bench directly from the 4 - in . pots . May is the ideal month to do this although most gardeners find out it impossible to find the necessary place before June . It is very helpful ; however , if the plants get a start in their flowering quarters before to a fault tender days come along .
When set in the greenhouse , reinvigorated land that contains at least 25 percent decay organic matter should be used ; a dusting of lime tree and superphosphate or pearl repast should be incorporated with the soil before imbed . Space the plant 8 - 10 in . aside , set them rather in high spirits toavoid stem rot disease ; it is advantageous to form a flimsy channel at planting time between the rows so that water that is apply soak to the ancestor without finalize near the stem .
supporting .
Many smorgasbord never get more than 2 - 3 ft . high ; others , with good culture , will stretch 5 foot . It is necessary to know ahead how magniloquent each sort grows to allow sufficient headroom and to make planning for supports . Supports should be install before long after plant so that the stems remain tumid . The usual exercise is to fix vertical frames of galvanized pipe on the greenhouse bench and from these , horizontal nets of 16 - gauge wire are unfold , a wire between each wrangle along and across the bench so that each plant has a second power of the internet or mesh through which it grows . As the plant arise , extra grade of wires are set up .
If only a few plant are grown and flower in a bench or in weed , there are various other flora financial support available that suffice , but carnations should be grown in fair numbers only . A minimum of 100 plant is needed to make certain that a good vase of flower may be cut at any one time .
To secure good flowers disbud the flora by removing , while they are quite small , all bud except the terminal one from each root .
Dianthus caryophyllus apace utilize the nutrients in the soil and during fall and winter , except in sunless weather , and through spring , lite applications of 5 - 10 - 5 or other complete fertilizer should be made every three weeks ; apply the fertiliser just before give water .
To keep the foliage a goodly - look , blue - super acid throughout the flowering time of year , and to avoid , as far as possible , terms from calyces splitting ; the alimony of a teetotal atmosphere ; copious ventilating system without draught ; a nighttime temperature of 45 - 50 degrees ; and exhaustive lachrymation only when the soil is likely becoming teetotal ; these are all of import .
dirt - less Culture . The Greenhouse Carnation thrives on this method of culture . Some commercial raiser have take over sand or crushed rock refinement , and some amateur growers have been very successful with the hydroponic culture of Dianthus caryophyllus . True hydroponic cultivation is carried out with a shallow tank fill with gravel or small shingle ( stones ) , which dissemble as an anchorage for the roots of the plant , the nutrient solution being pump into the tank to bung the plant by sub - irrigation .
A popular and easier method not requiring a tank or pump is that known as Sand Culture , for which a tart sand , neither too all right nor too common , is required . The plant are grow in judiciary or pots fill with the backbone and feed with nutrient salts in given quantities and at prescribed periods . The nutrients , in addition to the three basic flora foods , N , phosphorus , and potassium , include the trace elements such as boron and magnesium . The types of moxie available for this work are numerous , but most growers opt incisive , gritty , lave river sand . There are different formulas of nourishing salts which are recommended for use agree to the season of the yr . While soilless culture is both utile and interesting , it calls for care and attention and the need to work rigorously according to the command set down by those who have studied the subject . The subject area is dealt with under the heading of Hydroponics .
diverseness . Some of the well innovative Carnation varieties for the nursery are :
White : White Sim , George Allwood , Northland , Purity and Olivette .
Pink : Pink Sim , Laddie , Donna Lee Supreme and Sidney Littlefield .
Scarlet : William Sim , King Cardinal and Scarlet Pimpernel .
Deep Red or Crimson : Suzanne , Mrs. C. W. Weld and Seth Parker .
sensationalistic : King Midas , Miller ’s Yellow and Golden Wonder .
Two - toned Varieties : Dairymaid , ashen ground , striped pink towards the edge of the petals ; Eastern Wonder , thick heliotrope , fool with deep
pink ; Pelargonium , white terra firma , blocked ruby - maroon on each petal ; Peppermint , white with red striping ; Scarlet King , bright carmine with petals edge creamy - white .
The outdoor culture of Carnationsdoes not obtain much tending in North America , but in Great Britain and some other parts of Europe varieties of Dianthus Caryophyllus , particularly adapted for growing in the opened garden , and have it off as Border Carnations , are much cultivated .
Where winter are dangerous , borderline carnations are not dependably hardy , but in California and some other favourite parts they may be originate as perennials , and some named diversity are usable . They thrive best in a fertile , well - drained territory that contains some lime , and in a sunny location . They are propagated by cuttings and by layer . Seeds give plants that flower in 6 - 9 calendar month but seedlings do not truly reproduce their parent ; considerable variance occurs among them .
Two other typesof carnation desirable for growing in the garden are well worth growing : the Grenadins and the Marguerites . The former normally blossom in their second summer from seminal fluid and are hardy in the North provided they are plant on rather calorie-free , well - drain ground and are lightly cover over wintertime with a bed of evergreen ramification or salt hay . The semen may be sow right away outdoors in spring or early summer and the seedling thinned to 6 - 8 in . aside .
Marguerite carnationsbloom the first year from seed and are often treated as annuals and toss at the ending of their first season of prime . They are , however , truly perennial and are brave in the North if given the care recommended above for Grenadin Carnations . For former blossom it is best to sow Marguerite Carnations in a greenhouse 8 - 9 weeks before they may be imbed out of doors , but seeds sow directly out of doors about the fourth dimension the tree are breaking into leaf will give good flush the first summertime .
All outdoor carnations want full Lord’s Day and should not be herd together or among other plant . They are good subjects for seaboard garden . For the best results new plants should be arouse fairly frequently ; onetime plant usually begin to degenerate after their second or third yr .
